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Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2003) - Brunei (2001)
Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2003) z Brunei (2001)
| Holy See (Vatican City) (2003) | Brunei (2001) | |
-2003-bmala.jpg) |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none | 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years:
30.77% (male 53,977; female 51,772) 15-64 years: 66.52% (male 121,601; female 107,007) 65 years and over: 2.71% (male 4,449; female 4,847) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo |
| Airports | none (2002) | 2 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total:
1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total: 0.44 sq km
land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Delaware |
| Background | Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include the failing health of Pope John Paul II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith. | The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has now ruled in Brunei for over six centuries. |
| Birth rate | - | 20.45 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $173.5 million
expenditures: $176.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001) |
revenues:
$2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.) |
| Capital | Vatican City | Bandar Seri Begawan |
| Climate | temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) | tropical; hot, humid, rainy |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 161 km |
| Constitution | Apostolic Constitution of 1967 (effective 1 March 1968) | 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) |
| Country name | conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City)
conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano) |
conventional long form:
Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei |
| Currency | euro (EUR) | Bruneian dollar (BND) |
| Death rate | - | 3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $0 |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador R. James "Jim" NICHOLSON
embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 66, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 5758346 |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Sylvia Gaye STANFIELD embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Gabriel MONTALVO
chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036 |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato Haji PUTEH Ibni Mohammad Alam chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 342-0159 FAX: [1] (202) 342-0158 |
| Disputes - international | none | possibly involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island |
| Economic aid - recipient | none | $4.3 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual tax on Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world, as well as by special collections (known as Peter's Pence); the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; fees for admission to museums; and the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome. | This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. Exports of crude oil and natural gas account for over half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, a further widening of the economic base beyond oil and gas. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 2.274 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 2.445 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: unnamed location 19 m
highest point: unnamed location 75 m |
lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification |
party to:
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Italians, Swiss, other | Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 1.06 1.1324 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999) | Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7365 (January 2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997), 1.4100 (1996); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)
head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 2 December 1990) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope |
chief of state:
Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary |
| Exports | 0 kWh | $2.55 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | - | crude oil, natural gas, refined products |
| Exports - partners | - | Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band | yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $5.9 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture:
5% industry: 46% services: 49% (1996 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | 3% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 41 54 N, 12 27 E | 4 30 N, 114 40 E |
| Geography - note | urban; landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights | close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia |
| Heliports | 1 (2002) | 3 (2000 est.) |
| Highways | none; all city streets | total:
1,712 km paved: 1,284 km unpaved: 428 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty |
| Imports | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy | $1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | - | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals |
| Imports - partners | - | Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999) |
| Independence | 11 February 1929 (from Italy)
note: on 11 February 1929, three treaties were signed with Italy which, among other things, recognized the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century |
1 January 1984 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | 4% (1997 est.) |
| Industries | printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps, a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities | petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 14.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 1% (1999 est.) |
| International organization participation | CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WHO (observer), WIPO, WToO (observer), WTrO (observer) | APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | NA | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1998 est.) | 10 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See
note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius XII on 1 May 1946 |
Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) |
| Labor force | NA | 144,000 (1995 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel
note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991) |
| Labor force - by occupation | essentially services with a small amount of industry; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican | government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.) |
| Land boundaries | total: 3.2 km
border countries: Italy 3.2 km |
total:
381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.) |
arable land:
1% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 1% forests and woodland: 85% other: 12% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Italian, Latin, French, various other languages | Malay (official), English, Chinese |
| Legal system | based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it | based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Pontifical Commission | unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population:
73.82 years male: 71.45 years female: 76.31 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: NA
total population: 100% male: NA% female: NA% |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.2% male: 92.6% female: 83.4% (1995 est.) |
| Location | Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy) | Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia |
| Map references | Europe | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | - | total:
7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 7 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and protect the Pope | - |
| Military branches | Swiss Guards Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera) | Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $343 million (FY98) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 5.1% (FY98) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
106,725 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
61,640 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
3,005 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22 October (1978) | National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection |
| Nationality | noun: none
adjective: none |
noun:
Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian |
| Natural hazards | NA | typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare |
| Natural resources | none | petroleum, natural gas, timber |
| Net migration rate | - | 4.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Pipelines | - | crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km |
| Political parties and leaders | none | Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988) |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers) | NA |
| Population | 911 (July 2003 est.) | 343,653 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.01% (2003 est.) | 2.11% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none | Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998) | AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 329,000 (1998) |
| Railways | total: 0.86 km
standard gauge: 0.86 km 1.435-m gauge note: a spur of the Italian Railways system, serving Rome's Saint Peter's station (2001 est.) |
total:
13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge |
| Religions | Roman Catholic | Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | limited to cardinals less than 80 years old | none |
| Telephone system | general assessment: automatic exchange
domestic: tied into Italian system international: uses Italian system |
general assessment:
service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | 79,000 (1996) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 43,524 (1996) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1996) | 2 (1997) |
| Terrain | low hill | flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west |
| Total fertility rate | - | 2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | 4.9% (1995 est.) |
| Waterways | none | 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m |
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